[1] ZONDEK B, ASCHEIM S.Das hormon des hypophysenvorderlappens: testobjekt zum nachweis des hormons[J]. Klin Wochenschr, 1927, 6(6): 248
[2] ZONDEK B.The formation of the corpus luteum is dependent on the anterior pituitary lobe, and not on the maturing ovum. The fertilized ovum and hormones[J]. J Physiol, 1934, 81(4): 472
[3] ZONDEK B.The effect of prolonged application of large doses of follocular hormone on the uterus of rabbits[J]. J Exp Med, 1936, 63(6): 789
[4] ZONDEK B.Hypophyseal tumors induced by estrogenic hormone[J]. Am J Cancer, 1938, 33: 555
[5] LUNENFELD B, ESHKOL A.Immunology of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)[J]. Vitam Horm, 1967, 25: 137
[6] DICZFALUSY E, HEINRICHS HD.Determination of gonadotropins[J]. Arch Gynakol, 1956, 187: 556
[7] BORELL U, DICZFALUSY E, WESTMAN A.Failure of human chorionic gonadotrophins to increase the uterine weight in spayed mice.[J]. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh), 1953, 12: 323
[8] LUNENFELD B.Development of gonadotrophins for clinical use[J]. Reprod Biomed Online, 2002, 4(1): 11
[9] GEMZELL CA, DICZFALUSY E, TILLINGER G.Clinical effect of human pituitary follicle stimulating hormone[J]. J Clin Endcrinol Metab, 1958, 18(12): 138
[10] BETTENDORF G.Human hypophyseal gonadotropin in hypophysectomized women[J]. Int J Fertil, 1963, 8: 799
[11] BETTENDORF G, APOSTOLAKIS M, VOIGT KD.Darstellung von gonadotropin aus menschlichen hypophysen[J]. Eur J Endocrinol, 1962, 41(1): 1
[12] COCHIUS JI, MACK K, BURNS RJ.Creuzfeld-Jakob disease in a recipient human pituitary derived gonadotrophin[J]. Aust N Z J Med, 1990, 20(4): 592
[13] DEVROEY P, VAN SA, MANNAERTS B, et al.Successful in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer after treatment with recombinant human FSH[J]. Lancet, 1992, 339(8802): 1170
[14] GOT R, LEVY G, BOURRILLON R.Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of human chorionic gonadotropins[J]. Experientia, 1959, 15: 480
[15] LUNENFELD B.The problems of immunological quantitative determination for gonadotropins[J]. Immunol Propert Protein Hormon, 1966: 81
[16] LUNENFELD B, ESHKOL A.Immunology of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone[J]. Vitam Horm, 1970, 27: 131
[17] BAGCHUS W, WOLNA P, WOLFGANG U.Single-dose pharmacokinetic study comparing the pharmacokinetics of recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin in healthy Japanese and Caucasian women and recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin and urinary human chorionic gonadotropin in healthy Japanese women[J]. Reprod Med Biol, 2018, 17(1): 52
[18] EFTEKHAR M, KHALILI MA, RAHMANI E.The efficacy of recombinant versus urinary HCG in ART outcome[J]. Iran J Reprod Med, 2012, 10(6): 543
[19] 北京医学院生理教研组生殖研究组. 关于人类绒毛膜促性腺激素[J]. 北京大学学报(医学版),1974(2): 132
Beijing Medical College Physiology Teaching and Research Group Reproductive Research Group. About human chorionic gonadotropin[J]. J Peking Univ (Health Sci), 1974(2): 132
[20] 胡晋桂. 人绒毛膜促性腺激素的研究和应用概况[J]. 右江民族医学院学报,1990,12(4): 43
HU JG.Research and application of human chorionic gonadotropin[J]. J Youjiang Med Univ Nat, 1990, 12(4): 43
[21] CAHOREAU C, KLETT D, COMBARNOUS Y.Structure-function relationships of glycoprotein hormones and their subunits’ ancestors[J]. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2015, 6: 26
[22] ULLOA-AGUIRRE A, ZARIÑÁN T, JARDÓN-VALADEZ E, et al. Structure-function relationships of the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor[J]. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2018, 9: 707
[23] SZKUDLINSKI MW, FREMONT V, RONIN C, et al.Thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor structure-function relationships[J]. Physiol Rev, 2002, 82(2): 473
[24] HERKERT D, MELJEN V, MUASHER L, et al.Human chorionic gonadotropin-a review of the literature[J]. Obstet Gynecol Surv, 2022, 77(9): 539
[25] RYAN RJ, CHARLESWORTH MC, MCCORMICK DJ, et al.The glycoprotein hormones: recent studies of structure-function relationships[J]. FASEB J, 1988, 2(11): 2661
[26] BOUSFIELD GR, BUTNEV VY, GOTSCHALL RR, et al.Structural features of mammalian gonadotropins[J]. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 1996, 125(1-2): 3
[27] LI DY, ZHANG P, LI F, et al.Recognition of N-glycoforms in human chorionic gonadotropin by monoclonal antibodies and their interaction motifs[J]. J Biol Chem, 2015, 290(37): 22715
[28] DUAN J, XU PY, CHENG X, et al.Structures of full-length glycoprotein hormone receptor signalling complexes[J]. Nature, 2021, 598(7882): 688
[29] HALVORSON LM, CHIN WW.Gonadotropic hormones: biosynthesis secretion, receptors and actions[J]. Reproduct Endocrinol, 1999, 81
[30] DUFAU ML.Endocrine regulation and communicating function of the Leydig cell[J]. Annu Rev Physiol, 1988, 50: 483
[31] SAEZ JM.Leydig cells: endocrine, paracrine and autocrine regulation[J]. Endocr Rev, 1994, 15(5): 574
[32] MCFARLAND KC, SPRENGEL R, PHILLIPS HS, et al.Lutropin-choriogonodotropin receptor: an unusual member of the G-coupled receptor family[J]. Science, 1989, 245(4917): 494
[33] MAC-MAHON B, COLE P, LIU M, et al.Age at birth and breast cancer risk[J]. Bull World Health Organ, 1970, 43(2): 209
[34] TSAI-MORRIS CH, WEI W, BUCZKO E.Promoter and regulatory regions of the rat luteinizing hormone receptor gene[J]. J Biol Chem, 1993, 268(6): 18267
[35] WANG Z, WANG H, ASCOLI M.Mutation of highly conserved acidic residue present in the second intracellular loop of G-protein-coupled receptors does not impair hormone binding or signal transduction of the luteinizing hormone chorionic gonadotropin receptor[J]. Mol Endocrinol, 1993, 7(1): 85
[36] BAXTER RC, MARTIN JL, BENIAC VA.High molecular weight insulin like growth factor binding protein complex. Purifification and properties of the acid-labile subunit from human serum[J]. J Biol Chem, 1989, 264(20): 11843
[37] LATRONICO AC, ANASTI J, ARNHOLD IVP, et al.Brief report: testicular and ovarian resistence to luteinizing hormone caused by inactivating mutations of the luteinizing hormone receptor gene[J]. N Engl J Med, 1996, 334(8): 507
[38] WU H, LUSTBADER JW, LIU Y, et al.Structure of human chorionic gonadotropin at 2.6 A resolution from MAD analysis of the selenomethionyl protein[J]. Structure, 1994, 2(6): 545
[39] KUSUDA S, DUFAU ML.Purifification and characterization of the rat ovarian receptor for luteinizing hormone: structural studies and subunit interaction[J]. J Biol Chem, 1986, 261(34): 16161
[40] MOYLE WR, CAMPBELL RK, VENKATESWARA R, et al.Model of human chorionic gonadotropin and lutropin receptor interaction that explains signal transduction of glycoprotein hormones[J]. J Biol Chem, 1995, 270(34): 20020
[41] DEUPI X, STANDFUSS J.Structural insights into agonist-induced activation of G-protein-coupled receptors[J]. Curr Opin Struct Biol, 2011, 21(4): 541
[42] SANSUK K, DEUPI X, TORRECILLAS IR, et al.A structural insight into the reorientation of transmembrane domains 3 and 5 during family A G protein-coupled receptor activation[J]. Mol Pharmacol, 2011, 79(2): 262
[43] STANDFUSS J, EDWARDS PC, D’ANTONA A, et al. The structural basis of agonist-induced activation in constitutively active rhodopsin[J]. Nature, 2011, 471(7340): 656
[44] DRAPER-JOYCE CJ, KHOSHOUEI M, THAL DM, et al.Structure of the adenosine-bound human adenosine A1 receptor-Gi complex[J]. Nature, 2018, 558(7711): 559
[45] BORGBO T, CHRUDIMSKA J, MACEK M, et al.The polymorphic insertion of the luteinizing hormone receptor “insLQ” show a negative association to LHR gene expression and to the follicular fluid hormonal profifile in human small antral follicles[J]. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 2018, 460: 57
[46] CLAYTON RN.Gonadotrophin receptors[J]. Bailliere’s Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1996, 10(1): 1
[47] JI I, LEE C, SONG Y, et al.Cis-and trans-activation of hormone receptors: the LH receptor[J]. Mol Endocrinol, 2002, 16(6): 1299
[48] ULLOA-AGUIRRE A, URIBE A, ZARINAN T, et al. Role of the intracellular domains of the human FSH receptor in G (alpha S) protein coupling and receptor expression[J]. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 2007, 260-262: 153
[49] SUNAHARA RK, DESSAUER CW, GILMAN AG.Complexity and diversity of mammalian adenylyl cyclases[J]. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol, 1996, 36: 461
[50] KAWASAKI H, SPRINGETT GM, TOKI S, et al.A rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor enriched highly in the basal ganglia[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1998, 95(22): 13278
[51] DE ROOIJ J, ZWARTKRUIS FJ, VERHEIJEN MH, et al.Epac is a Rap1 guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor directly activated by cyclic AMP[J]. Nature, 1998, 396(6710): 474
[52] BROILLET MC, FIRESTEIN S.Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. Molecular mechanisms of activation[J]. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1999, 868: 730
[53] FRANCIS SH, CORBIN JD.Cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases: intracellular receptors for cAMP and cGMP action[J]. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci, 1999, 36(4): 275
[54] ULLOA-AGUIRRE A, REITER E, CREPIEUX P.FSH receptor signaling: complexity of interactions and signal diversity[J]. Endocrinology, 2018, 159(8): 3020
[55] CONTI M, HSIEH M, ZAMAH AM, et al.Novel signaling mechanisms in the ovary during oocyte maturation and ovulation[J]. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 2012, 356(1-2): 65
[56] LEMAIRE WJ.Mechanism of mammalian ovulation[J]. Steroids, 1989, 54(5): 455
[57] GILCHRIST RL, RYU KS, JI I, et al.The luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor has distinct transmembrane conductors for cAMP and inositol phosphate signals[J]. J Biol Chem, 1996, 271(32): 19283
[58] MEJIA R, WAITE C, ASCOLI M.Activation of Gq/11 in the mouse corpus luteum is required for parturition[J]. Mol Endocrinol, 2015, 29(2): 238
[59] BREEN SM, ANDRIC N, PING T, et al.Ovulation involves the luteinizing hormone-dependent activation of G (q/11) in granulosa cells[J]. Mol Endocrinol, 2013, 27(9): 1483
[60] RICHARDS JS.Perspective: the ovarian follicle—a perspective in 2001[J]. Endocrinology, 2001, 142(6): 2184
[61] RICHARDS JS, FITZPATRICK SL, CLEMENS JW, et al.Ovarian cell differentiation: a cascade of multiple hormones signals and regulated genes[J]. Recent Prog Horm Res, 1995, 50: 223
[62] FENG XY, ZHANG ML, GUAN RB, et al.Heterodimerization between the lutropin and follitropin receptors is associated with an attenuation of hormone-dependent signaling[J]. Endocrinology, 2013, 154(10): 3925
[63] JONAS KC, CHEN S, VIRTA M, et al.Temporal reprogramming of calcium signalling via crosstalk of gonadotrophin receptors that associate as functionally asymmetric heteromers[J]. Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1): 2239
[64] CASARINI L, RICCETTI L, DE PASCALI F, et al.Folliclestimulating hormone potentiates the steroidogenic activity of chorionic gonadotropin and the anti-apoptotic activity of luteinizing hormone in human granulosa-lutein cells in vitro[J]. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 2016, 422: 103
[65] BUSCA R, ABBE P, MANTOUX F, et al.Ras mediates the cAMP-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) in melanocytes[J]. EMBO J, 2000, 19(12): 2900
[66] TSYGANKOVA OM, KUPPERMAN E, WEN W, et al.Cyclic AMP activates Ras[J]. Oncogene, 2000, 19(32): 3609
[67] SCHMITT JM, STORK PJS.G alpha and G beta gamma require distinct Src-dependent pathways to activate Rap1 and ras[J]. J Biol Chem, 2002, 277(45): 43024
[68] LIN YF, TSENG MJ, HSU HL, et al.A novel follicle-stimulating hormone-induced G alpha h/phospholipase C-delta1 signaling pathway mediating rat sertoli cell Ca2+-influx[J]. Mol Endocrinol, 2006, 20(10): 2514
[69] CHOI J, SMITZ J.Luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin: origins of difference[J]. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 2014, 383: 203
[70] GUDERMANN T, BIRNBAUMER M, BIRNBAUMER L.Evidence for dual coupling of the murine luteinizing hormone receptor to adenylyl cyclase and phosphoinositide breakdown and Ca2+ mobilization. Studies with the cloned murine luteinizing hormone receptor expressed in L cells[J]. J Biol Chem, 1992, 267(7): 4479
[71] CREPIEUX P, MARION S, MARTINAT N, et al.The ERKdependent signalling is stage-specifically modulated by FSH, during primary Sertoli cell maturation[J]. Oncogene, 2001, 20: 4696
[72] YAMASHITA Y, OKAMOTO M, IKEDA M, et al.Protein kinase C (PKC) increases TACE/ADAM17 enzyme activity in porcine ovarian somatic cells, which is essential for granulosa cell luteinization and oocyte maturation[J]. Endocrinology, 2014, 155(3): 1080
[73] CASARINI L, CREPIEUX P.Molecular mechanisms of action of FSH[J]. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2019, 10: 305
[74] BREEN SM, ANDRIC N, PING T, et al.Ovulation involves the luteinizing hormone-dependent activation of G (q/11) in Granulosa cells[J]. Mol Endocrinol, 2013, 27(9): 1483
[75] 李湛军,梁成罡,杨化新. 重组人促卵泡激素质量控制中理化测定代替生物测定简介[J]. 药物分析杂志,2014,34(9): 1524
LI ZJ, LIANG CG, YANG HX.Physicochemical methods alternative for bioassays for recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone in quality control[J]. Chin J Pharm Anal, 2014, 34(9): 1524
[76] VAITUKAITIS JL, BRAUNSTEIN GD, ROSS GT.A radioimmunoassay which specifically measures human chorionic gonadotropin in the presence of human luteinizing hormone[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1972, 113(6): 751
[77] EJ/T 950-1995人绒毛膜促性腺激素放射免疫分析试剂盒[S]. 1995: 1
EJ/T 950-1995 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Radioimmunoassay Kit[S]. 1995: 1
[78] OED M, AMTMANN R, LÖWER Y, et al. LIAISON hCG—an automated chemiluminescent immunoassay for the determination of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)[J]. Anticancer Res, 1999, 19(4A): 273
[79] SIMONI M, NIESCHLAG E.In vitro bioassays of follicle-stimulating hormone: methods and clinical applications[J]. J Endocrinol Invest, 1991, 14(11): 983
[80] DATTATREYAMURTY B, SHETH AR, PURANDARE TV, et al.Nature of cross-reaction between hCG and anti-oLH serum and development of a radioimmunoassay to measure hLH specifically in the presence of hCG[J]. Endocrinology, 1976, 99(66): 1554
[81] ELSHEIKH HM, HAMDY GM, EBEID NH, et al.Effective purification of human chorionic gonadotropin and production of highly specific polyclonal anti-βHCG as a component of radioimmunoassay kit[J]. J Immunoassay Immunochem, 2022, 43: 233
[82] DUFAU ML, POCK R, NEUBAUER A, et al.In vitro bioassay of LH in human serum: the rat interstitial cell testosterone(RICT)assay[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1976, 42(5): 958
[83] MADANES AE, FENCL MD, TULCHINSKY D.Comparison of human chorionic gonadotropin measurements by radioimmunoassay and in vitro bioassay[J]. Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol, 1985, 9(2): 52
[84] SELVARAJ N, DANTES A, LIMOR R, et al.Establishment of an in vitro bioassay and radio receptor assay for LH/CG in human sera using immortalized granulosa cells transfected with LH/CG receptor[J]. Endocrine, 1996, 5(3): 275
[85] HSUEH AJ, ERICKSON GF, PAPKOFF H.Effect of diverse mammalian gonadotropins on estrogen and progesterone production by cultured rat granulosa cells[J]. Arch Biochem Biophys, 1983, 225(2): 505
[86] 于雷,饶春明. 生物技术药物生物学活性测定方法研究进展[J]. 生物技术通讯,2017,28(3): 392
YU L, RAO CM.Research progress in bioassay of biotech drugs[J]. Lett Biotechnol, 2017, 28(3): 392
[87] WANG L, YU CF, WANG JZ.Development of reporter gene assays to determine the bioactivity of biopharmaceuticals[J]. Biotechnol Adv, 2020, 39: 107466
[88] SENDAK RA, WANG F, GEAGAN LB, et al.Comparison of two in vitro methods for the measurement of recombinant human TSH bioactivity[J]. Biologicals, 2002, 30(3): 245
[89] WANG LY, LIANG CG, YANG HM, et al.Development of a robust reporter gene-based assay for the bioactivity determination of recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (rhFSH) pharmaceutical products[J]. J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2020, 177: 112855
[90] 孙爽,王绿音,李晶,等. 基于报告基因的重组人促卵泡激素Fc融合蛋白生物学活性测定方法研究[J]. 药物分析杂志,2022,42(1): 60
SUN S, WANG LY, LI J, et al.Study on biological activity assay of fusion protein of rhFSH-Fc based on the reporter gene[J]. Chin J Pharm Anal, 2022, 42(1): 60
