目的: 研究不同产地莪术与郁金中重金属及有害元素的残留情况并进行风险评估,针对镉元素残留差异进行原因分析。方法: 建立ICP-MS法测定不同产地的莪术和郁金中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜的残留量及不同产区土壤与植株中镉元素残留量,采用“中药中外源性有害残留物安全风险评估技术指导原则”对莪术和郁金中重金属及有害元素残留进行风险评估。结果: 莪术中镉元素合格率仅为36.67%,郁金中所有元素及莪术中其余元素的合格率均为90%以上,莪术中镉残留水平明显高于郁金。风险评估结果表明,莪术中铅、镉存在健康风险。通过镉残留量研究,发现莪术中的镉超限并非环境污染引起,主要原因为植株中镉存在明显的部位蓄积和品种蓄积。结论: 建议加强对莪术中铅与镉的风险监测,同时适当放宽莪术中镉元素限度要求。本研究可为姜黄属植物重金属及有害元素限量标准制定及监管提供参考依据。
Objective: To research and evaluate risk of heavy metals and harmful elements residues in Curcumae Rhizoma and Curcumae Radix from different areas, and to analyze the reason of the difference of cadmium residue. Methods: ICP-MS technique was used to determine lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and copper residues in Curcumae Rhizoma and Curcumae Radix and cadmium residues in soils and plants from different areas. Risk assessment was carried out by using “Guideline of Risk Assessment of Exogenous Harmful Residues in Traditional Chinese Medicines” in heavy metals and harmful elements of Curcumae Rhizoma and Curcumae Radix. Results: The qualified rate of cadmium in Curcumae Rhizoma was only 36.67%. The qualified rates of all elements in Curcumae Radix and other elements in Curcumae Rhizoma were above 90%. The results of risk assessment showed that there was risk of lead and cadmium in Curcumae Rhizoma. It was found that the excess of cadmium in Rhizoma Curcumae was not caused by environmental pollution.The main reason was the obvious accumulation of cadmium in the plant and the accumulation of varieties. Conclusion: It is suggested that the risk monitoring of lead and cadmium in Curcumae Rhizoma should be strengthened and the limit of cadmium in Curcumae Rhizomacan be loosen meanwhile. The study can provide a reference basis for the establishment and supervision of the limit standard of heavy metals and harmful elements in Curcuma herbs.
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