[1] LUETHI D, LIECHTI ME. Designer drugs: mechanism of action and adverse effects[J].Arch Toxicol, 2020, 94: 1085
[2] PEACOCK A, BRUNO R, GISEV N, et al. New psychoactive substances: challenges for drug surveillance, control, and public health responses[J].Lancet, 2019, 394: 1668
[3] United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). World Drug Report 2020 drug use and health consequences[R]. 2020
[4] ZAWILSKA JB, ANDRZEJCZAK D. Next generation of novel psychoactive substances on the horizon-a complex problem to face[J].Drug Alcohol Depend, 2015, 157: 1
[5] European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). EMCDDA operating guidelines for the European union early warning system on new psychoactive substances[R]. 2019
[6] O'HAGAN A, MCCORMACK S. To what extent has the United Kingdom law on psychoactive substances been successful[J].Forensic Res Criminol, 2019, 7: 176
[7] BATISSE A, EIDEN C, PEYRIERE H, et al. Use of new psychoactive substances to mimic prescription drugs: the trend in France[J].Neurotoxicology, 2020, 79: 20
[8] 向平,卓先义, 沈敏. 法医毒物分析新进展[J].中国司法鉴定, 2008(5):45
XIANG P, ZHUO XY, SHEN M. Recent development of forensic analytical toxicology[J].Chin J Forensic Sci, 2008(5):45
[9] VACCARO G, MASSARIOL A, GUIRGUIS A, et al. NPS detection in prison: a systematic literature review of use, drug form, and analytical approaches[J].Drug Test Anal, 2022, 14(8):1350
[10] SULEJ-SUCHOMSKA AM, KLUPCZYNSKA A, DEREZI SKI P, et al. Urban wastewater analysis as an effective tool for monitoring illegal drugs, including new psychoactive substances, in the Eastern European region[J].Sci Rep, 2020, 10(1):4885
[11] ROJEK S, KORCZYN′SKA-ALBERT M, KULIKOWSKA J, et al. New challenges in toxicology of new psychoactive substances exemplified by fatal cases after UR-144 and UR-144 with pentedrone administration determined by LC-ESI-MS-MS in blood samples[J].Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol, 2017, 67(2):104
[12] MONTESANO C, VANNUTELLI G, GREGORI A, et al. Broad screening and identification of novel psychoactive substances in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry and post-run library matching[J].J Anal Toxicol, 2016, 40(7):519
[13] MARIOTTI KDE C, SCHUH RS, FERRANTI P, et al. Simultaneous analysis of amphetamine-type stimulants in plasma by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].J Anal Toxicol, 2014, 38(7):432
[14] CHEN YC, HONG SW, WU HH, et al. Rapid formation of nanoclusters for detection of drugs in urine using surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy[J].Nanomaterials(Basel), 2021, 11(7):1789
[15] PETTERSSON BERGSTRAND M, MEYER MR, BECK O, et al. Urine analysis of 28 designer benzodiazepines by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry[J].Drug Test Anal, 2018, 10(3):496
[16] 康明星, 苏文渊, 宋爱英. 固相微萃取技术在毒品分析中的应用[J].刑事技术, 2020, 45(5):524
KANG MX, SU WY, SONG AY. Applications of solid-phase microextraction in drug analysis[J].Forensic Sci Technol, 2020, 45(5):524
[17] ØIESTAD EL, JOHANSEN U, CHRISTOPHERSEN AS, et al. Screening of synthetic cannabinoids in preserved oral fluid by UPLC-MS/MS[J].Bioanalysis, 2013, 5(18):2257
[18] NICHTERWITZ SCHERER J, FIORENTIN TR, BORILLE BT, et al. Reliability of point-of-collection testing devices for drugs of abuse in oral fluid: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2017, 143: 77
[19] LANAIAÍTALA LM, THAYS CC, IGOR P, et al. Determination of designer drugs in saliva by paper spray mass spectrometry[J].Quím Nova, 2019, 42(6):200
[20] FABIO S, ANGELA T, LUDOVICA C, et al. Ethanol determination in post-mortem samples: correlation between blood and vitreous humor concentration[J].Molecules, 2020, 25(12):2724
[21] NARAPANYAKUL R, TUNGTANANUWAT W, YONGPANICH P, et al. Comparative study of postmortem blood, urine and vitreous humor methamphetamine [J].Thai J Pharm Sci, 2014, 38(1):5
[22] YAN H, XIANG P, SHEN M. Current status of hair analysis in forensic toxicology in China[J].Forensic Sci Res, 2021, 6(3):240
[23] SHEN M, XIANG P, WU H, et al. Detection of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs in human hair[J].Forensic Sci Int, 2002, 126(2):153
[24] SALOMONE A, PALAMAR JJ, GERACE E, et al. Hair testing for drugs of abuse and new psychoactive substances in a high-risk population[J].J Anal Toxicol, 2017, 41(5):376
[25] LARABI IA, FABRESSE N, ETTING I, et al. Prevalence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) and conventional drugs of abuse (DOA) in high risk populations from Paris (France) and its suburbs: a cross sectional study by hair testing (2012-2017)[J].Drug Alcohol Depend, 2019, 204: 107508
[26] STAEHELI SN, BOXLER MI, OESTREICH A, et al. Postmortem distribution and redistribution of MDAI and 2-MAPB in blood and alternative matrices[J].Forensic Sci Int, 2017, 279: 83
[27] HELMERHORST GT, TEUNIS T, JANSSEN SJ, et al. An epidemic of the use, misuse and overdose of opioids and deaths due to overdose, in the United States and Canada: is Europe next[J].Bone Joint J, 2017, 99(7):856
[28] LÓPEZ-RABUÑAL Á, DI CORCIA D, AMANTE E, et al. Simultaneous determination of 137 drugs of abuse, new psychoactive substances, and novel synthetic opioids in meconium by UHPLC-QTOF[J].Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2021, 413(21):5493
[29] HANKE K, FIEDLER S, GRUMANN C, et al. A recent human immunodeficiency virus outbreak among people who inject drugs in munich, germany, is associated with consumption of synthetic cathinones[J].Open Forum Infect Dis, 2020, 7(6):192
[30] GAUGLER S, LUGINBÜHL M, STOETH F, et al. High resolution, high accuracy non-targeted LC-HR-MS/MS dried urine spot screening for drug of abuse testing[J].Toxicol Anal Clin, 2022, 34(3):S115
[31] JAIN R, QURAISHI R, VERMA A, et al. Development and clinical evaluation of a dried urine spot method for detection of morphine among opioid users[J].Indian J Pharmacol, 2019, 51(1):40
[32] RICHEVAL C, DUMESTRE-TOULET V, WIART JF, et al. New psychoactive substances in oral fluid of drivers around a music festival in south-west France in 2017[J].Forensic Sci Int, 2019, 297: 265
[33] MARQUES H, ROSADO T, BARROSO M, et al. Optimization and validation of a procedure using the dried saliva spots approach for the determination of tobacco markers in oral fluid[J].J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2022, 212: 114648
[34] SHAFI A, BERRY AJ, SUMNALL H, et al. New psychoactive substances: a review and updates[J].Ther Adv Psychopharmacol, 2020, 10
