目的: 基于一测多评法(QAMS)和指纹图谱探讨不同产地、生长年份远志挥发性成分含量的变化及其累积规律关系。方法: 采用超临界CO2流体萃取法收集11批远志样品中挥发性组份,以油酸乙酯为内参物,建立其与α-细辛醚、棕榈酸的相对校正因子并计算不同批次远志挥发油中3个指标含量,比较外标法(EMS)与QAMS法的差异。采用气相色谱法(GC)建立远志挥发油指纹图谱,标定共有峰并对远志挥发油成分进行质量分析。采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术分析3年生新绛产远志成分。结果: 在不同实验条件下,以油酸乙酯为内参物建立的相对校正因子重现性良好,α-细辛醚、棕榈酸的相对校正因子分别为0.715和1.087,相对误差介于-1.18~2.46和-0.18~0.28,QAMS法和ESM法测量值之间无显著差异。α-细辛醚、油酸乙酯、棕榈酸的总含量春采大于秋采,且均随着生长年限的增长而增加,在3年时达到最大值。11批远志挥发油指纹图谱相似度介于0.969~0.997,共标定共有峰24个,通过与对照品谱图比对,确定10号峰为α-细辛醚、11号峰为油酸乙酯、15号峰为棕榈酸。从3年生新绛产远志指认出29个成分,指认出序号1、21、29分别表示α-细辛醚、棕榈酸和油酸乙酯。结论: 该方法能较好地体现远志中挥发性成分的整体性和差异性,为山西道地药材远志挥发油成分质量控制及等级标准的制订提供依据。
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