目的:开展茺蔚子的性状和显微鉴定研究, 对其进行数字化的表征。方法:运用荧光体式显微镜及其数码成像技术, 从外观性状（正面观、侧面观、背面观、顶面观、基面观、表面特征）和内在构造（横剖面、纵剖面）对茺蔚子进行观察和记录; 运用光学显微镜对其显微构造（横切面、粉末）进行观察和记录; 通过扫描电镜深入探究其表面结构和内果皮特征。结果:通过研究进一步明确了茺蔚子的性状及显微鉴定特征。性状鉴定主要从形状、大小、颜色、表面特征等方面进行鉴定; 显微鉴定主要从外果皮细胞、内果皮细胞等方面进行鉴定。并建议茺蔚子表面特征描述修订为“表面深棕色或灰褐色, 放大可见较多浅灰色斑点”。阐明了内果皮细胞多呈切向延长, 研究结果与2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》中描述内容相同, 与《新编中药志》中描述内容有所不同。结论:本研究为茺蔚子的品种鉴定及其混伪品的鉴别奠定了实验基础, 为小坚果类药材的数字化规范的建立提供了思路, 也为市场监管检验和标准修订提供了一定的科学依据。
Objective：To study on the macroscopic and microscopic identification of Leonuri Fructus and digitalize the identification characters, and to explore the description of the surface and endocarp features. Methods：Fluorescent stereo microscope combined with digital imaging technology was used to observe and record the characters of Leonuri Fructus, including the appearance(front view, side view, back view, top view, base view and surface feature) and internal morphology(cross profile and longitudinal profile). Optical microscope was used to observe and record the characters of micromorphology(transverse section and powder). Scanning electron microscope was used to explore the surface and endocarp features. Results：The macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of Leonuri Fructus were identified through this study. The shape, size, color and especially the surface were the main macroscopic characters for the identification. The exocarp and endocarp were the main microscopic identification characters. The description of the surface was revised as “dark brown or greyish brown, with many pale grey spots observed when magnified”. As for the characters of “endocarp”, the research results were the same as those described in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 Edition). But there was a dispute with those described in “Modern Chinese Materia Medica”. Conclusion：This study has laid an experimental foundation for the identification of Leonuri Fructus and the authentication of its adulterants, providing ideas for the digital standardization of the Chinese materia medica originated from nutlets, and also supplying scientific basis for the market supervision, inspection and standard revision.
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